Deer-resistant Native Plants
There is no such thing as a deer-proof plant.
Trust us, we've looked, but there are some plants that deter deer or bounce back fast!
This article highlights plants that can protect your landscape from being mowed down by deer. It is part of our Species Selection Guide where we share select collections of plants based on their ecosystem services, site condition needs, or material type.
Which Plants Can Withstand Deer?
Deer are adaptable creatures, and they may choose to eat any species if it is easily available to them and they are hungry. However, you can choose species that at least are not their favorites or rebound hardily after browse.
Plants have a number of resistance strategies to survive browse by deer, elk, moose, rabbits, mice, mountain beavers, and other critters. Some of these plants are spiky, like Sitka spruce and Nootka rose. Others are high in flavorful chemicals, such as tannins, like Oregon ash and Oregon white oak. Another prominent strategy is the ability to grow quickly and bushy after a munch, like vine maple and red huckleberry.
In the Pacific Northwest, we share ecosystems with an assortment of incredible animals who love to snack through plantlife (who can blame them?). It is important to remember that we co-exist and to have tolerance for inevitable browse. The plant species highlighted in this blog post are a selection that we have found especially resistant in the restoration setting. It is not an extensive list, but we hope it helps in your project planning.
Unless otherwise stated, all plant information comes from our Species Descriptions, where we invite you to read about more plants native to our Pacific Northwest.
Deer-resistant Native Plants List
Plant lists are organized by layer. It is important to consider all layers in any project.
Tree Layer
Abies grandis
Exposure: Full sun to shade
Soil moisture: Moist to dry
Salinity tolerance: None
Fire tolerance: High
Transplanting success: High
Growth rate: Moderate
Form: Coniferous evergreen to 260 feet; deep, extensive root system
You can deep dive into grand fir in our Plant of the Month Archive!
Fraxinus latifolia
Exposure: Full sun to partial shade
Soil moisture: Wet to very moist; will tolerate standing water early in growing season
Salinity tolerance: None
Fire tolerance: Medium
Transplanting success: High
Growth rate: Rapid given adequate moisture
Form: Deciduous tree to 80 feet; branching, moderately deep root system
You can deep dive into Oregon ash in our Plant of the Month Archive!
Picea sitchensis
Exposure: Full sun to partial shade
Soil moisture: Moderately wet to moist
Salinity tolerance: None
Fire tolerance: None
Transplanting success: High
Growth rate: Moderate to rapid
Form: Coniferous evergreen tree shrub to 200 feet; shallow, branching, shallow roots
Pinus contorta v. contorta
Exposure: Full sun to partial shade
Soil moisture: Wet to dry
Salinity tolerance: None
Fire tolerance: None
Transplanting success: High
Growth rate: Rapid
Form: Coniferous evergreen tree to 60 feet; tap root
Comments: Very versatile along the moisture spectrum
Pseudotsuga menziesii v. menziesii
Exposure: Full sun to light shade
Soil moisture: Moist to dry
Salinity tolerance: Low
Fire tolerance: Low
Transplanting success: High
Growth rate: Moderate to rapid
Form: Evergreen tree to 200 or 300 feet; tap or modified taproot, shallow or deep, widespread root system
Comments: Very versatile along the moisture spectrum
Frangula purshiana
Exposure: Full sun to shade
Soil moisture: Wet to dry
Salinity tolerance: None
Fire tolerance: Medium
Transplanting success: High
Growth rate: Rapid
Form: Deciduous tree to 30 feet; fibrous, moderately deep root system with taproot
Comments: Very versatile along the moisture spectrum. Great for riparian areas!
Quercus garryana
Exposure: Full sun to partial shade
Soil moisture: Moist to dry, well-drained
Salinity tolerance: None
Fire tolerance: Low
Transplanting success: Medium to high
Growth rate: Slow to moderate
Form: Deciduous tree to 80 feet; deep taproot
You can deep dive into Garry oak, or Oregon white oak, in our Plant of the Month Archive!
Tsuga heterophylla
Exposure: Partial shade to deep shade
Soil moisture: Wet to moist
Salinity tolerance: None
Fire tolerance: Low
Transplanting success: Medium
Growth rate: Moderate
Form: Coniferous evergreen tree to 200 feet; shallow, slow-growing roots becoming wide-spread
You can deep dive into Western hemlock in our Plant of the Month Archive!
Shrub Layer
Acer circinatum
Exposure: Partial shade to deep shade, full sun if ample soil moisture
Soil moisture: Moist to dry
Salinity tolerance: None
Fire tolerance: Medium
Transplanting success: High
Growth rate: Moderate
Form: Deciduous small tree or large shrub to 20 ft; moderately deep root system
Comments: Slower growing, a survivor
You can deep dive into vine maple on our blog post, Vine Maples as Foliage Trees for Rubies and Bees!
Amelanchier alnifolia
Exposure: Full sun to shade
Soil moisture: Moist to dry
Salinity tolerance: Low
Fire tolerance: High
Transplanting success: Medium
Growth rate: Moderate, may be slow to establish
Form: Deciduous large shrub or small tree to 20 feet; tap root, may spread by suckers
Corylus cornuta v. californica
Exposure: Sun to deep shade
Soil moisture: Moist and well-drained to dry
Salinity tolerance: None
Fire tolerance: High
Transplanting success: Medium-high
Growth rate: Moderate
Form: Deciduous shrub 4-12 feet; branching, roots, suckers occasionally
Comments: Slower growing, a survivor
Gaultheria shallon
Exposure: Partial shade to deep shade
Soil moisture: Moist to dry
Salinity tolerance: None
Fire tolerance: High
Transplanting success: Medium to high if shaded, low if not
Growth rate: Slow until established
Form: Evergreen shrub 2-5 feet, sometimes more; very shallow and fibrous root system, spreads vigorously by underground stems once well established
Mahonia aquifolium
Exposure: Full sun to partial shade
Soil moisture: Moist to dry
Salinity tolerance: None
Fire tolerance: Unknown
Transplanting success: Medium to high
Growth rate: Moderate
Form: Evergreen shrub to 8 feet; moderately deep taproot, spreads by underground stems
Comments: Very versatile along the moisture spectrum
Mahonia nervosa
Exposure: Shade
Soil moisture: Moist to dry
Salinity tolerance: None
Fire tolerance: High
Transplanting success: Medium
Growth rate: Slow
Form: Evergreen shrub to 2 feet; taproot, spreads by underground stems
Comments: Plant in shade; mulch; irrigate
Morella californica
Exposure: Full sun to shade
Soil moisture: Moist but well-drained
Salinity tolerance: High
Fire tolerance: Low
Transplanting success: High
Growth rate: Moderate to rapid
Form: Broadleaf evergreen shrub to 15 feet
You can deep dive into Pacific wax myrtle on our blog post, Pacific Wax Myrtle Hedges for Privacy & Habitat!
Oemleria cerasiformis
Exposure: Partial shade to shade
Soil moisture: Moist to dry
Salinity tolerance: Low
Fire tolerance: Unknown
Transplanting success: High
Growth rate: Moderate to rapid
Form: Deciduous small tree to 15 feet; branching, fibrous, shallow root system
You can deep dive into osoberry in our Plant of the Month Archive!
Philadelphus lewisii
Exposure: Full sun to partial shade
Soil moisture: Moderately moist to dry
Salinity tolerance: None
Fire tolerance: Low
Transplanting success: Medium to high
Growth rate: Rapid
Form: Deciduous shrub to 10 feet; moderately deep, branching roots
You can deep dive into mock orange in our Plant of the Month Archive!
Ribes divaricatum
Exposure: Partial shade to shade
Soil moisture: Wet to moist
Salinity tolerance: Unknown
Fire tolerance: Unknown
Transplanting success: Medium
Growth rate: Moderate
Form: Thorny, deciduous shrub to 8 feet; branching root system
Ribes sanguineum
Exposure: Sun to part shade
Soil moisture: Dry
Salinity tolerance: None
Fire tolerance: Medium
Transplanting success: Medium
Growth rate: Moderate
Form: Deciduous shrub to 10 feet; branching root system
Comments: Plant only in well drained soils; don't over water
Rosa gymnocarpa
Exposure: Partial shade to shade
Soil moisture: Moist to dry
Salinity tolerance: None
Fire tolerance: Medium
Transplanting success: Medium
Growth rate: Moderate
Form: Deciduous shrub to 6 feet; spreads by suckers
Rosa nutkana
Exposure: Full sun to partial shade
Soil moisture: Wet to moist, dry okay if shaded
Salinity tolerance: Low
Fire tolerance: High
Transplanting success: High
Growth rate: Rapid
Form: Deciduous shrub to 10 feet; branched, fibrous, shallow roots, spreads vigorously by suckers
Comments: Very versatile along the moisture spectrum
Rosa pisocarpa
Exposure: Full sun to partial shade
Soil moisture: Saturated to moist
Salinity tolerance: None
Fire tolerance: Unknown
Transplanting success: High
Growth rate: Rapid
Form: Deciduous shrub to 8 feet; branched root system, spreads vigorously by suckers
Sambucus racemosa
Exposure: Full sun to shade
Soil moisture: Moist to dry
Salinity tolerance: None
Fire tolerance: High
Transplanting success: Medium
Growth rate: Rapid
Form: Deciduous shrub to 20 feet; fibrous, branching, shallow root system
Symphoricarpos albus
Exposure: Full sun to shade
Soil moisture: Very moist to dry
Salinity tolerance: Medium
Fire tolerance: High
Transplanting success: High
Growth rate: Rapid
Form: Deciduous shrub to 2-6 feet; fibrous, shallow root system, spreads vigorously by suckers
Comments: Very versatile along the moisture spectrum
Vaccinium parvifolium
Exposure: Shade to deep shade
Soil moisture: Moist to dry
Salinity tolerance: None
Fire tolerance: High
Transplanting success: Low to medium
Growth rate: Slow until established
Form: Deciduous shrub to 12 feet; deep and spreading, woody roots
Comments: Plant in shade; mulch with wood chips; irrigate but don't over-water
You can deep dive into our PNW Hucks on our blog post, Huckleberries as Specimen Shrub Candy for your Eyes and Tongue!
Vaccinium ovatum
Exposure: Partial shade to shade
Soil moisture: Moist to dry
Salinity tolerance: None
Fire tolerance: Medium
Transplanting success: Medium
Growth rate: Slow until established
Form: Evergreen shrub to 12 feet; fibrous, shallow root system
You can deep dive into our PNW Hucks on our blog post, Huckleberries as Specimen Shrub Candy for your Eyes and Tongue!
Floor Layer
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
Exposure: Full sun to partial shade
Soil moisture: Moist to dry, well-drained
Salinity tolerance: Medium
Fire tolerance: Low
Transplanting success: Medium
Growth rate: Slow until established
Form: Evergreen shrub or groundcover to 8 inches, mat forming with stolons
Bloom color: Pinky-white
You can deep dive into kinnikinnik and other groundcovers on our blog post, Groundcovers: the Quick, the Evergreen, the Sunny & the Shady!
Fragaria chiloensis
Exposure: Full sun to partial shade
Soil moisture: Moist to dry
Salinity tolerance: Low
Fire tolerance: High
Transplanting success: High
Growth rate: Rapid
Form: Leathery, somewhat evergreen perennial to 10 inches, spreads by runners
Bloom color: White
You can deep dive into coastal strawberry on TWO of our blog posts, Groundcovers: the Quick, the Evergreen, the Sunny & the Shady and Strawberries for Groundcover & Snacks! (We don't pick favorites)....
Fragaria vesca
Exposure: Full sun to shade
Soil moisture: Moist
Salinity tolerance: Unknown
Fire tolerance: Unknown
Transplanting success: High
Growth rate: Rapid
Form: Herbaceous perennial to 12 inches, spreads by runners
Bloom color: White
You can deep dive into woodland strawberry on our blog post, Strawberries for Groundcover & Snacks!
Dicentra formosa
Exposure: Partial shade to shade
Soil moisture: Moist, dry in shade okay
Salinity tolerance: None
Fire tolerance: High
Transplanting success: High
Growth rate: Rapid
Form: Soft herbaceous perennial to 20 inches, from slender, fleshy rhizomes
Bloom color: Pink to purple
Polystichum munitum
Exposure: Partial shade to shade
Soil moisture: Moist to dry
Salinity tolerance: None
Fire tolerance: Medium
Transplanting success: High
Growth rate: Moderate
Form: Evergreen fern with fronds to 5 feet, woody rhizomes
Tolmiea menziesii
Exposure: Partial shade to shade
Soil moisture: Moist to wet
Salinity tolerance: Unknown
Fire tolerance: Unknown
Transplanting success: High
Growth rate: Rapid
Form: Herbaceous perennial to 30 inches, well-developed rhizomes
Bloom color: Pink