Deer-resistant Native Plants

There is no such thing as a deer-proof plant.

Trust us, we've looked, but there are some plants that deter deer or bounce back fast!

This article highlights plants that can protect your landscape from being mowed down by deer. It is part of our Species Selection Guide where we share select collections of plants based on their ecosystem services, site condition needs, or material type.

Which Plants Can Withstand Deer?

Deer are adaptable creatures, and they may choose to eat any species if it is easily available to them and they are hungry. However, you can choose species that at least are not their favorites or rebound hardily after browse.

Plants have a number of resistance strategies to survive browse by deer, elk, moose, rabbits, mice, mountain beavers, and other critters. Some of these plants are spiky, like Sitka spruce and Nootka rose. Others are high in flavorful chemicals, such as tannins, like Oregon ash and Oregon white oak. Another prominent strategy is the ability to grow quickly and bushy after a munch, like vine maple and red huckleberry.

In the Pacific Northwest, we share ecosystems with an assortment of incredible animals who love to snack through plantlife (who can blame them?). It is important to remember that we co-exist and to have tolerance for inevitable browse. The plant species highlighted in this blog post are a selection that we have found especially resistant in the restoration setting. It is not an extensive list, but we hope it helps in your project planning.

Unless otherwise stated, all plant information comes from our Species Descriptions, where we invite you to read about more plants native to our Pacific Northwest.

Deer-resistant Native Plants List

Plant lists are organized by layer. It is important to consider all layers in any project.

Tree Layer

Photo of mature Abies grandis stand
Abies grandis by Crusier on Wikimedia

Exposure: Full sun to shade

Soil moisture: Moist to dry

Salinity tolerance: None

Fire tolerance: High

Transplanting success: High

Growth rate: Moderate

Form: Coniferous evergreen to 260 feet; deep, extensive root system

 

You can deep dive into grand fir in our Plant of the Month Archive!

Exposure: Full sun to partial shade

Soil moisture: Wet to very moist; will tolerate standing water early in growing season

Salinity tolerance: None

Fire tolerance: Medium

Transplanting success: High

Growth rate: Rapid given adequate moisture

Form: Deciduous tree to 80 feet; branching, moderately deep root system

 

You can deep dive into Oregon ash in our Plant of the Month Archive!

Photo of Fraxinus latifolia
Fraxinus latifolia by Jean-Pol GRANDMONT on Wikimedia
Photo of Picea sitchensis
Picea sitchensis by Roland Tanglao on Wikimedia

Exposure: Full sun to partial shade

Soil moisture: Moderately wet to moist

Salinity tolerance: None

Fire tolerance: None

Transplanting success: High

Growth rate: Moderate to rapid

Form: Coniferous evergreen tree shrub to 200 feet; shallow, branching, shallow roots

Pinus contorta v. contorta

Exposure: Full sun to partial shade

Soil moisture: Wet to dry

Salinity tolerance: None

Fire tolerance: None

Transplanting success: High

Growth rate: Rapid

Form: Coniferous evergreen tree to 60 feet; tap root

Comments: Very versatile along the moisture spectrum

Photo of Pinus contorta
Pinus contorta by Walter Siegmund on Wikimedia

Pseudotsuga menziesii v. menziesii

Photo of Pseudotsuga menziesii
Pseudotsuga menziesii by Crusier on Wikimedia

Exposure: Full sun to light shade

Soil moisture: Moist to dry

Salinity tolerance: Low

Fire tolerance: Low

Transplanting success: High

Growth rate: Moderate to rapid

Form: Evergreen tree to 200 or 300 feet; tap or modified taproot, shallow or deep, widespread root system

Comments: Very versatile along the moisture spectrum

Frangula purshiana

Exposure: Full sun to shade

Soil moisture: Wet to dry

Salinity tolerance: None

Fire tolerance: Medium

Transplanting success: High

Growth rate: Rapid

Form: Deciduous tree to 30 feet; fibrous, moderately deep root system with taproot

Comments: Very versatile along the moisture spectrum. Great for riparian areas!

Photo of Frangula purshiana
Frangula purshiana by Jesse Taylor on Wikimedia
Photo of Quercus garryana stand
Quercus garryana by Daryl Mitchell on Flickr

Exposure: Full sun to partial shade

Soil moisture: Moist to dry, well-drained

Salinity tolerance: None

Fire tolerance: Low

Transplanting success: Medium to high

Growth rate: Slow to moderate

Form: Deciduous tree to 80 feet; deep taproot

 

You can deep dive into Garry oak, or Oregon white oak, in our Plant of the Month Archive!

Exposure: Partial shade to deep shade

Soil moisture: Wet to moist

Salinity tolerance: None

Fire tolerance: Low

Transplanting success: Medium

Growth rate: Moderate

Form: Coniferous evergreen tree to 200 feet; shallow, slow-growing roots becoming wide-spread

 

You can deep dive into Western hemlock in our Plant of the Month Archive!

Photo of Tsuga heterophylla stand
Tsuga heterophylla by Crusier on Wikimedia

Shrub Layer

Photo of Acer circinatum leaves
Acer circinatum by El Grafo on Wikimedia

Exposure: Partial shade to deep shade, full sun if ample soil moisture

Soil moisture: Moist to dry

Salinity tolerance: None

Fire tolerance: Medium

Transplanting success: High

Growth rate: Moderate

Form: Deciduous small tree or large shrub to 20 ft; moderately deep root system

Comments: Slower growing, a survivor

 

You can deep dive into vine maple on our blog post, Vine Maples as Foliage Trees for Rubies and Bees!

Amelanchier alnifolia

Exposure: Full sun to shade

Soil moisture: Moist to dry

Salinity tolerance: Low

Fire tolerance: High

Transplanting success: Medium

Growth rate: Moderate, may be slow to establish

Form: Deciduous large shrub or small tree to 20 feet; tap root, may spread by suckers

Photo of Amelanchier alnifolia in flower
Amelanchier alnifolia by Walter Siegmund on Wikimedia

Corylus cornuta v. californica

Photo of Corylus cornuta with nuts
Corylus cornuta by Ayotte, Gilles on Wikimedia

Exposure: Sun to deep shade

Soil moisture: Moist and well-drained to dry

Salinity tolerance: None

Fire tolerance: High

Transplanting success: Medium-high

Growth rate: Moderate

Form: Deciduous shrub 4-12 feet; branching, roots, suckers occasionally

Comments: Slower growing, a survivor

Gaultheria shallon

Exposure: Partial shade to deep shade

Soil moisture: Moist to dry

Salinity tolerance: None

Fire tolerance: High

Transplanting success: Medium to high if shaded, low if not

Growth rate: Slow until established

Form: Evergreen shrub 2-5 feet, sometimes more; very shallow and fibrous root system, spreads vigorously by underground stems once well established

Gaultheria shallon in flower
Gaultheria shallon by Mount Rainier National Park on Flickr
Photo of Mahonia aquifolium in bloom
Mahonia aquifolium by stanze on Flickr

Exposure: Full sun to partial shade

Soil moisture: Moist to dry

Salinity tolerance: None

Fire tolerance: Unknown

Transplanting success: Medium to high

Growth rate: Moderate

Form: Evergreen shrub to 8 feet; moderately deep taproot, spreads by underground stems

Comments: Very versatile along the moisture spectrum

Exposure: Shade

Soil moisture: Moist to dry

Salinity tolerance: None

Fire tolerance: High

Transplanting success: Medium

Growth rate: Slow

Form: Evergreen shrub to 2 feet; taproot, spreads by underground stems

Comments: Plant in shade; mulch; irrigate

Photo of Mahonia nervosa in bloom
Mahonia nervosa by EncMstr on Wikimedia
Photo of Morella californica with berries
Morella californica by David A. Hofmann on Flickr

Exposure: Full sun to shade

Soil moisture: Moist but well-drained

Salinity tolerance: High

Fire tolerance: Low

Transplanting success: High

Growth rate: Moderate to rapid

Form: Broadleaf evergreen shrub to 15 feet

 

You can deep dive into Pacific wax myrtle on our blog post, Pacific Wax Myrtle Hedges for Privacy & Habitat!

Oemleria cerasiformis

Exposure: Partial shade to shade

Soil moisture: Moist to dry

Salinity tolerance: Low

Fire tolerance: Unknown

Transplanting success: High

Growth rate: Moderate to rapid

Form: Deciduous small tree to 15 feet; branching, fibrous, shallow root system

 

You can deep dive into osoberry in our Plant of the Month Archive!

Small plum-like drupes hang in clusters and eventually ripen to blackish purple. Photographed by Jim Riley. Burke Herbarium Image Collection.
Small plum-like drupes hang in clusters and eventually ripen to blackish purple. Photographed by Jim Riley. Burke Herbarium Image Collection.
Photo of Philadelphus lewisii in bloom
Philadelphus lewisii by Leonora (Ellie) Enking on Flickr

Exposure: Full sun to partial shade

Soil moisture: Moderately moist to dry

Salinity tolerance: None

Fire tolerance: Low

Transplanting success: Medium to high

Growth rate: Rapid

Form: Deciduous shrub to 10 feet; moderately deep, branching roots

 

You can deep dive into mock orange in our Plant of the Month Archive!

Exposure: Partial shade to shade

Soil moisture: Wet to moist

Salinity tolerance: Unknown

Fire tolerance: Unknown

Transplanting success: Medium

Growth rate: Moderate

Form: Thorny, deciduous shrub to 8 feet; branching root system

Photo of Ribes divaricatum with fruit
Ribes divaricatum by Nadiatalent on Wikimedia
Photo of Ribes sanguineum in bloom
Ribes sanguineum by Isfugl on Flickr

Exposure: Sun to part shade

Soil moisture: Dry

Salinity tolerance: None

Fire tolerance: Medium

Transplanting success: Medium

Growth rate: Moderate

Form: Deciduous shrub to 10 feet; branching root system

Comments: Plant only in well drained soils; don't over water

Exposure: Partial shade to shade

Soil moisture: Moist to dry

Salinity tolerance: None

Fire tolerance: Medium

Transplanting success: Medium

Growth rate: Moderate

Form: Deciduous shrub to 6 feet; spreads by suckers

Photo of Rosa gymnocarpa in bloom
Rosa gymnocarpa by Samantha Elie
Photo of Rosa nutkana in bloom
Rosa nutkana by Leslie Seaton on Wikimedia

Exposure: Full sun to partial shade

Soil moisture: Wet to moist, dry okay if shaded

Salinity tolerance: Low

Fire tolerance: High

Transplanting success: High

Growth rate: Rapid

Form: Deciduous shrub to 10 feet; branched, fibrous, shallow roots, spreads vigorously by suckers

Comments: Very versatile along the moisture spectrum

Exposure: Full sun to partial shade

Soil moisture: Saturated to moist

Salinity tolerance: None

Fire tolerance: Unknown

Transplanting success: High

Growth rate: Rapid

Form: Deciduous shrub to 8 feet; branched root system, spreads vigorously by suckers

Photo of Rosa pisocarpa in bloom
Rosa pisocarpa by CAJC in the PNW on Wikimedia
Photo of Sambucus racemosa with berries
Sambucus racemosa by David A. Hofmann on Flickr

Exposure: Full sun to shade

Soil moisture: Moist to dry

Salinity tolerance: None

Fire tolerance: High

Transplanting success: Medium

Growth rate: Rapid

Form: Deciduous shrub to 20 feet; fibrous, branching, shallow root system

Symphoricarpos albus

Exposure: Full sun to shade

Soil moisture: Very moist to dry

Salinity tolerance: Medium

Fire tolerance: High

Transplanting success: High

Growth rate: Rapid

Form: Deciduous shrub to 2-6 feet; fibrous, shallow root system, spreads vigorously by suckers

Comments: Very versatile along the moisture spectrum

Photo of Symphoricarpos albus with berries
Symphoricarpos albus by korina.info on Wikimedia
Photo of Vaccinium parvifolium with berries
Vaccinium parvifolium by Walter Siegmund on Wikimedia

Exposure: Shade to deep shade

Soil moisture: Moist to dry

Salinity tolerance: None

Fire tolerance: High

Transplanting success: Low to medium

Growth rate: Slow until established

Form: Deciduous shrub to 12 feet; deep and spreading, woody roots

Comments: Plant in shade; mulch with wood chips; irrigate but don't over-water

 

You can deep dive into our PNW Hucks on our blog post, Huckleberries as Specimen Shrub Candy for your Eyes and Tongue!

Exposure: Partial shade to shade

Soil moisture: Moist to dry

Salinity tolerance: None

Fire tolerance: Medium

Transplanting success: Medium

Growth rate: Slow until established

Form: Evergreen shrub to 12 feet; fibrous, shallow root system

 

You can deep dive into our PNW Hucks on our blog post, Huckleberries as Specimen Shrub Candy for your Eyes and Tongue!

Photo of Vaccinium ovatum with berries
Vaccinium ovatum by John Rusk on Wikimedia

Floor Layer

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi

Photo of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi in flower
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Robert Flogaus-Faust on Wikimedia

Exposure: Full sun to partial shade

Soil moisture: Moist to dry, well-drained

Salinity tolerance: Medium

Fire tolerance: Low

Transplanting success: Medium

Growth rate: Slow until established

Form: Evergreen shrub or groundcover to 8 inches, mat forming with stolons

Bloom color: Pinky-white

 

You can deep dive into kinnikinnik and other groundcovers on our blog post, Groundcovers: the Quick, the Evergreen, the Sunny & the Shady!

Exposure: Full sun to partial shade

Soil moisture: Moist to dry

Salinity tolerance: Low

Fire tolerance: High

Transplanting success: High

Growth rate: Rapid

Form: Leathery, somewhat evergreen perennial to 10 inches, spreads by runners

Bloom color: White

 

You can deep dive into coastal strawberry on TWO of our blog posts, Groundcovers: the Quick, the Evergreen, the Sunny & the Shady and Strawberries for Groundcover & Snacks! (We don't pick favorites)....

Photo of Fragaria chiloensis patch in flower
Fragaria chiloensis by Mike on Wikimedia
Photo of Fragaria vesca patch with fruit in late summer
Fragaria vesca patch with fruit in late summer by H. Zell on Wikimedia

Exposure: Full sun to shade

Soil moisture: Moist

Salinity tolerance: Unknown

Fire tolerance: Unknown

Transplanting success: High

Growth rate: Rapid

Form: Herbaceous perennial to 12 inches, spreads by runners

Bloom color: White

 

You can deep dive into woodland strawberry on our blog post, Strawberries for Groundcover & Snacks!

Exposure: Partial shade to shade

Soil moisture: Moist, dry in shade okay

Salinity tolerance: None

Fire tolerance: High

Transplanting success: High

Growth rate: Rapid

Form: Soft herbaceous perennial to 20 inches, from slender, fleshy rhizomes

Bloom color: Pink to purple

Photo of Dicentra formosa in flower
Dicentra formosa by pfly on Flickr
Photo of Polystichum munitum
Polystichum munitum by Agnieszka Kwiecień, Nova on Wikimedia

Exposure: Partial shade to shade

Soil moisture: Moist to dry

Salinity tolerance: None

Fire tolerance: Medium

Transplanting success: High

Growth rate: Moderate

Form: Evergreen fern with fronds to 5 feet, woody rhizomes

Exposure: Partial shade to shade

Soil moisture: Moist to wet

Salinity tolerance: Unknown

Fire tolerance: Unknown

Transplanting success: High

Growth rate: Rapid

Form: Herbaceous perennial to 30 inches, well-developed rhizomes

Bloom color: Pink

Photo of Tolmiea menziesii flower
Tolmiea menziesii bu Digitalbcon1 on Wikimedia

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