Native Plants for Wet Soils

Wet sites can be difficult to plan for.

But you can count on these water-loving plant-friends!

This article showcases plants that prefer wet soils, but each description states the range in moisture they tolerate. It is part of our Species Selection Guide where we share select collections of plants based on their ecosystem services, site condition needs, or material type.

Which Plants Prefer Wet Soils?

From seashore to lakeshore, our water-loving native plants are workhorses! These plants filter pollution, reduce erosion, and create vital habitat for fragile and endangered species.

Most coastal Pacific Northwest species that grow in or near the water require at least a few months of drying out during the growing season. Only a few emergent species can tolerate saturation year round, and even then standing water must be shallow enough to allow some greenery above the surface.

Water levels can fluctuate widely and conditions can change unpredictably, so you should monitor water levels at the site for a year before planting if you have that luxury. Even with this information, it can be difficult to predict which species will give you the best results at the water’s edge, so we recommend selecting a mix of emergents to improve your chances of making a good match.

 

These species lists are not comprehensive of the incredible native diversity of our Pacific Northwest region. For fuller lists of SNP favorites, see our Species Descriptions. For more complete databases, we recommend visiting our friends at the University of Washington Burke Herbarium or Washington Native Plant Society.

What Characterizes Wet Soils?

Wet/Saturated means that a plant prefers soaked or soggy soil at a regular intervals, with few and short dry periods. Sometimes total inundation. If a plant likes inundation, it is noted in the comments section.

However, wet comes in many degrees and variations. One person’s wet may be very different than another’s. Most plant descriptions include the species' prefered range. Moisture gradients can also vary by sun exposure. Be mindful of a plant's specific sun and moisture gradients when planning your project.

As plant habitats follow a continuum, there is overlap between this list, dry, and moist lists. To learn more about these classifications, visit our Species Descriptions: Terms page.

Unless otherwise stated, all plant information comes from our Species Descriptions, where we invite you to read about more plants native to our Pacific Northwest.

A Few Species that we Don't Recommend

We typically don't recommend planting highly aggressive native plants such as Douglas spirea (Spiraea douglasii), cattails (Typha latifolia), or soft rush (Juncus effusus) because they tend to form monocultures. If site conditions suit them, they will probably move in anyway.

Native Plants for Wet Soils

Plant lists are organized by layer. It is important to consider all layers in any project.

Tree Layer

Exposure: Full sun to shade

Soil moisture: Wet to dry

Salinity tolerance: None

Fire tolerance: High

Transplanting success: High

Growth rate: Rapid

Form: Deciduous large tree to 110 feet; deep, wide spreading roots

Comments: Super versatile on both the moisture and sun exposure gradients

Photo of mature Acer macrophyllum stand
Acer macrophyllum by WolfmanSF on Wikimedia
Photo of Fraxinus latifolia
Fraxinus latifolia by Jean-Pol GRANDMONT on Wikimedia

Exposure: Full sun to partial shade

Soil moisture: Wet to very moist; will tolerate standing water early in growing season

Salinity tolerance: None

Fire tolerance: Medium

Transplanting success: High

Growth rate: Rapid given adequate moisture

Form: Deciduous tree to 80 feet; branching, moderately deep root system

 

You can deep dive into Oregon ash in our Plant of the Month Archive!

Frangula purshiana

Exposure: Full sun to shade

Soil moisture: Wet to dry

Salinity tolerance: None

Fire tolerance: Medium

Transplanting success: High

Growth rate: Rapid

Form: Deciduous tree to 30 feet; fibrous, moderately deep root system with taproot

Comments: Very versatile along the moisture spectrum. Great for riparian areas

Photo of Frangula purshiana
Frangula purshiana by Jesse Taylor on Wikimedia
Photo of Picea sitchensis
Picea sitchensis by Roland Tanglao on Wikimedia

Exposure: Full sun to partial shade

Soil moisture: Moderately wet to moist

Salinity tolerance: None

Fire tolerance: None

Transplanting success: High

Growth rate: Moderate to rapid

Form: Coniferous evergreen tree shrub to 200 feet; shallow, branching, shallow roots

Pinus contorta v. contorta

Exposure: Full sun to partial shade

Soil moisture: Wet to dry

Salinity tolerance: None

Fire tolerance: None

Transplanting success: High

Growth rate: Rapid

Form: Coniferous evergreen tree to 60 feet; tap root

Comments: Very versatile along the moisture spectrum

Photo of Pinus contorta
Pinus contorta by Walter Siegmund on Wikimedia
Photo of Populus trichocarpa stand
Populus trichocarpa by Daniel Mayer on Wikimedia

Exposure: Full sun to partial shade

Soil moisture: Saturated to moist

Salinity tolerance: None

Fire tolerance: None

Transplanting success: High (both container-grown & live stakes)

Growth rate: Rapid

Form: Deciduous tree to 160 feet; roots are fibrous and branching, shallow or deep, and extensive

Exposure: Full sun to partial shade

Soil moisture: Saturated to moist

Salinity tolerance: Low

Fire tolerance: Medium

Transplanting success: High (both container-grown & live stakes)

Growth rate: Rapid

Form: Multi-stemmed deciduous tree to 60 feet; fibrous, moderately deep and widespread root system

Comments: Good rooter, common in wetlands and riparian zones, somewhat brittle and thus more difficult to pound

Photo of Salix lasiandra
Salix lasiandra by Matt Lavin on Wikimedia
Photo of Thuja plicata
Thuja plicata by Colin on Flickr

Exposure: Partial shade to deep shade

Soil moisture: Wet to moist

Salinity tolerance: None

Fire tolerance: Low

Transplanting success: Medium

Growth rate: Moderate

Form: Coniferous evergreen tree to 200 feet with buttressed base; shallow, widely spreading root system

Comments: Tolerates seasonal flooding

Exposure: Partial shade to deep shade

Soil moisture: Wet to moist

Salinity tolerance: None

Fire tolerance: Low

Transplanting success: Medium

Growth rate: Moderate

Form: Coniferous evergreen tree to 200 feet; shallow, slow-growing roots becoming wide-spread

 

You can deep dive into Western hemlock in our Plant of the Month Archive!

Photo of Tsuga heterophylla stand
Tsuga heterophylla by Crusier on Wikimedia

Shrub Layer

Photo of Cornus sericea patch in flower
Cornus sericea by Cephas on Wikimedia

Exposure: Full sun to partial shade

Soil moisture: Saturated to moist

Salinity tolerance: None

Fire tolerance: Low

Transplanting success: High for container-grown, low or medium for live stakes

Growth rate: Rapid

Form: Deciduous large shrub or small tree, 5-20 feet depending on site conditions; fibrous, shallow root system, spreads by layering and suckers. Forms thickets

Comments: Very versatile along the moisture spectrum

You can deep dive into red-twig dogwood in our Plant of the Month Archive!

Exposure: Full sun to partial shade

Soil moisture: Saturated to moist

Salinity tolerance: None

Fire tolerance: Medium

Transplanting success: High

Growth rate: Rapid

Form: Deciduous shrub to 10 feet; branching, fibrous, shallow roots. Forms thickets

Comments: Super plant for hummingbirds and other pollinators

Photo of Lonicera involucrata in bloom
Lonicera involucrata by Joyce Cory on Wikimedia
Photo of Physocarpus capitatus in bloom
Physocarpus capitatus by Steve Sullivan on Flickr

Exposure: Full sun to shade

Soil moisture: Wet to moist

Salinity tolerance: None

Fire tolerance: None

Transplanting success: High

Growth rate: Rapid

Form: Deciduous shrub to 12 feet; fibrous, shallow root system, spreads by suckers and forms thickets

Comments: Very versatile along the moisture spectrum. Great for urban screening or green stormwater infrastructure and rural restoration sites alike!

Exposure: Partial shade to shade

Soil moisture: Wet to moist

Salinity tolerance: Unknown

Fire tolerance: Unknown

Transplanting success: Medium

Growth rate: Moderate

Form: Thorny, deciduous shrub to 8 feet; branching root system

Photo of Ribes divaricatum with fruit
Ribes divaricatum by Nadiatalent on Wikimedia
Photo of Rosa pisocarpa in bloom
Rosa pisocarpa by CAJC in the PNW on Wikimedia

Exposure: Full sun to partial shade

Soil moisture: Saturated to moist

Salinity tolerance: None

Fire tolerance: Unknown

Transplanting success: High

Growth rate: Rapid

Form: Deciduous shrub to 8 feet; branched root system, spreads vigorously by suckers and forms thickets

Exposure: Partial shade to shade

Soil moisture: Wet to moist

Salinity tolerance: None

Fire tolerance: High

Transplanting success: Medium to high

Growth rate: Moderate to rapid

Form: Deciduous shrub to 12 feet; fibrous shallow roots, spreads by suckers

Comments: Needs moisture in summer, soil cannot dry out completely

You can deep dive into salmonberry in our Plant of the Month Archive!

Photo of Rubus spectabilis in bloom with immature berry
Rubus spectabilis by Jerry McFarland on Flickr
Close up photo of Geyer's willow leaves
Salix geyeriana by Andrey Zharkikh on Wikimedia

Exposure: Full to part sun

Soil moisture: Saturated to dry

Salinity tolerance: None

Fire tolerance: High

Transplanting success: Unknown

Growth rate: Rapid

Form: Multi-stemmed deciduous shrub to 15 feet

Comments: Good rooter, prefers year-round saturated soil, inundated banks and muddy shores

Information sourced from OregonFlora and the USDA Plant Characteristics database in addition to our Species Selection Guide.

Exposure: Full sun to partial shade

Soil moisture: Saturated to moist

Salinity tolerance: None

Fire tolerance: High

Transplanting success: High (both container-grown & live stakes)

Growth rate: Rapid

Form: Deciduous shrub to 25 feet; fibrous, moderately deep and widespread roots

Comments: Good rooter, common on streams

Photo of Salix sitchensis
Salix sitchensis by Walter Siegmund on Wikimedia
Text "Image Coming Soon!"

Exposure: Full sun to partial shade

Soil moisture: Saturated to moist

Salinity tolerance: None

Fire tolerance: High

Transplanting success: High (both container-grown & live stakes)

Growth rate: Rapid

Form: Deciduous tree or shrub to 20 feet; fibrous, moderately deep root system

Comments: Occurs mainly within 5 miles of salt water, good rooter, long live stakes can be more wiggly than other species

Floor Layer

Athyrium filix-femina

Exposure: Partial shade to shade

Soil moisture: Wet to moist

Salinity tolerance: None

Fire tolerance: Low

Transplanting success: High

Growth rate: Moderate to high

Form: Deciduous fern with fronds to 6 feet, from stout rhizomes

Photo of Athyrium filix-femina
Athyrium filix-femina by Krzysztof Ziarnek, Kenraiz on Wikimedia

Carex lenticularis var. lipocarpa

Photo of Carex lenticularis var. lipocarpa (kelloggii)
Carex lenticularis var. lipocarpa (kelloggii) by Matt Lavin on Flickr

Exposure: Full sun

Soil moisture: Wet

Salinity tolerance: None

Fire tolerance: High

Transplanting success: High

Growth rate: Rapid

Form: Dense tufts to 30 inches, no rhizomes

Exposure: Full sun to shade

Soil moisture: Moist to wet

Salinity tolerance: Medium

Fire tolerance: High

Transplanting success: High

Growth rate: Rapid

Form: Dense tufts to 60 inches on long, fleshy rhizomes

Comments: Shade-tolerant sedge

Photo of Carex obnupta
Carex obnupta by David Eickhoff on Flickr
Photo of Carex stipata
Carex stipata by Thayne Tuason on Wikimedia

Exposure: Full sun

Soil moisture: Wet

Salinity tolerance: Low

Fire tolerance: High

Transplanting success: High

Growth rate: Rapid

Form: Dense tufted clumps to 40 inches, no rhizomes

Exposure: Full sun

Soil moisture: Wet to shallow water

Salinity tolerance: Low

Fire tolerance: High

Transplanting success: High

Growth rate: Rapid

Form: Large, thick stems to 45 inches, arising from long rhizomes and stolons

Comments: Plant in shallow water at the lowest water level in the year

Photo of Carex utriculata
Carex utriculata by Matt Lavin on Flickr
Photo of Glyceria grandis
Glyceria grandis by aarongunnar on Wikimedia

Exposure: Full sun to partial shade

Soil moisture: Moist to wet

Salinity tolerance: Unknown

Fire tolerance: Unknown

Transplanting success: High

Growth rate: Rapid

Form: Tall, single stems to 6 feet arising from creeping rhizomes

Comments: Sod forming in wet meadows

Exposure: Full sun

Soil moisture: Wet to shallow water

Salinity tolerance: Low

Fire tolerance: Medium

Transplanting success: Medium

Growth rate: Unknown

Form: Small clusters to 40 inches along rhizomes

Photo of Eleocharis palustris
Eleocharis palustris by Yuvalr on Wikimedia
Text "Image Coming Soon!"

Exposure: Full sun

Soil moisture: Wet to shallow water

Salinity tolerance: None

Fire tolerance: High

Transplanting success: High

Growth rate: Medium to rapid

Form: Mostly tufted to 30 inches, sometimes with short rhizomes and in dense mats

Comments: Plant in 0-4" of water at the lowest water level in the year

Exposure: Full sun

Soil moisture: Moist to wet

Salinity tolerance: Medium

Fire tolerance: High

Transplanting success: High

Growth rate: Medium

Form: Stems to 24 inches arising from fat rhizomes, often growing in a line

Photo of Juncus ensifolius in bloom
Juncus ensifolius in racks and tubes

Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus

Photo of Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus
Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus by Andrey Zharkikh on Flickr

Exposure: Full sun

Soil moisture: Wet to shallow water

Salinity tolerance: Low

Fire tolerance: Medium

Transplanting success: Medium

Growth rate: Rapid

Form: Stout, tall stems to 10 feet, from rhizomes

Comments: Plant in 2-8" of water at the lowest water level in the year

Exposure: Full sun

Soil moisture: Wet to shallow water

Salinity tolerance: None

Fire tolerance: High

Transplanting success: High

Growth rate: Rapid

Form: Single, large stems to 5 feet, arising from rhizomes

Photo of Scirpus microcarpus
Scirpus microcarpus by Matt Lavin on Flickr

Struthiopteris spicant

Photo of Blechnum spicant with fertile fronds
Blechnum spicant by Kerry Woods on Flickr

Exposure: Shade

Soil moisture: Wet to moist

Salinity tolerance: None

Fire tolerance: Medium

Transplanting success: High

Growth rate: Moderate

Form: Evergreen fern with fronds to 2 feet

Exposure: Partial shade to shade

Soil moisture: Moist to wet

Salinity tolerance: Unknown

Fire tolerance: Unknown

Transplanting success: High

Growth rate: Rapid

Form: Herbaceous perennial to 30 inches, well-developed rhizomes

Bloom color: Pink

Photo of Tolmiea menziesii flower
Tolmiea menziesii bu Digitalbcon1 on Wikimedia

Leave a Comment